Best Video Game Offer: May 2020

Ultimate Fighting Championship

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFA) is an American combined martial arts (MMA) promoting agency primarily based in Las Vegas, Nevada, which is owned and operated by means of Endeavor Group Holdings at the side of Silver Lake Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and MSD Capital through Zuffa, LLC.[3][4] It is the largest MMA advertising agency inside the international and capabilities some of the highest-level combatants in the sport on its roster.[5] The UFC produces activities worldwide that exhibit twelve weight divisions (eight men's divisions and 4 women's divisions) and abides by means of the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts.[6] As of 2020, the UFC has held over 500 events. Dana White has been UFC president seeing that 2001. Under White's stewardship, the UFC has grown right into a globally famous multi-billion-greenback enterprise.[7]

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The first event become held in 1993 at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado.[8] The motive of the early Ultimate Fighting Championship competitions become to pick out the only martial art in a contest with minimal guidelines and no weight training among competition of different preventing disciplines like boxing, kickboxing, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Sambo, wrestling, Muay Thai, Karate, Taekwondo, and Judo. In subsequent occasions, combatants commenced adopting powerful strategies from multiple subject, which circuitously helped create a separate style of fighting known as present-day combined martial arts.[9] In 2016, UFC's determine business enterprise, Zuffa, changed into offered to a group led by means of William Morris Endeavor (WME–IMG), such as Silver Lake Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and MSD Capital[10] for US$four.1/2 billion.[11]

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With a TV deal and growth in Australia, Asia, Europe,[12][13][14] and new markets within the United States, the UFC has extended in recognition, and has achieved more mainstream media insurance; the promoting added in a total revenue of US$609 million in 2015,[15] and its next domestic media rights settlement with ESPN became valued at $1.5 billion over a five-yr term. [16]

Contents
1 History
1.1 Early opposition: early 1990s
1.1.1 Emergence of stricter guidelines
1.2 Controversy and reform: overdue 1990s
1.three Zuffa era: early 2000s
1.three.1 Struggle for survival and turnaround
1.3.2 The Ultimate Fighter and rise in reputation
1.four Surging popularity and increase: mid–2000s
1.four.1 Pride acquisition and integration
1.five UFC one hundred and persisted recognition: past due 2000s – mid-2010s
1.five.1 WEC merger
1.five.2 Strikeforce buy
1.five.three Fox partnership
1.5.four Women's MMA
1.5.five International expansion
1.5.6 TRT ban
1.five.7 Lawsuits over contractual treatment of combatants
1.6 Endeavor era: 2016–present
1.6.1 ESPN partnership
1.6.2 M-1 Global partnership
1.6.three Initial public offering (IPO) filing
1.6.four Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
2 Anti-doping policy
three Rules
three.1 Rounds
three.2 Cage
3.3 Attire
3.3.1 Reebok Uniform
3.4 Match outcome
three.5 Judging criteria
3.6 Fouls
three.6.1 Fouls in opposition to a grounded opponent
three.7 Match conduct
three.eight Evolution of the guidelines
3.9 The Ultimate Fighter
four Weight divisions/Current champions
five Pound-for-pound
6 UFC activities
6.1 Production team
6.2 Fighter salaries and contracts
7 UFC information
8 UFC Hall of Fame
nine Media
nine.1 Television
nine.2 Music
nine.three Video games
9.4 Action figures
9.4.1 Round 5
nine.four.2 Jakks Pacific
nine.5 DVD
9.6 PlayStation Network and Xbox Live
10 UFC global broadcasters
eleven See also
12 Notes
thirteen References
14 External links
History

The former emblem of the UFC, used from 1993 to 1999
Early competition: early 1990s

Royce Gracie used Brazilian jiu-jitsu in the early years of UFC to defeat combatants of greater length and power.
Art Davie proposed to John Milius and Rorion Gracie an 8-man unmarried-removal match referred to as "War of the Worlds". The event become inspired by way of the Gracies in Action video-series produced by way of the Gracie own family of Brazil which featured Gracie jiu-jitsu college students defeating martial artists of various disciplines along with karate, kung fu, and kickboxing. The match would also feature martial artists from extraordinary disciplines facing each other in no-holds-barred fight to determine the exceptional martial art and might purpose to duplicate the exhilaration of the matches Davie saw on the videos.[17] Milius, a mentioned movie director and screenwriter, as well as a Gracie student, agreed to act as the event's innovative director. Davie drafted the marketing strategy and twenty-eight traders contributed the preliminary capital to begin WOW Promotions with the reason to increase the match into a television franchise.[18]

In 1993, WOW Promotions sought a tv partner and approached pay-according to-view producers TVKO (HBO) and SET (Showtime), as well as Campbell McLaren and David Isaacs on the Semaphore Entertainment Group (SEG). Both TVKO and SET declined, but SEG – a pioneer in pay-per-view television which had produced such offbeat events as a person vs female tennis fit among Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova – have become WOW's accomplice in May 1993.[19] SEG contacted video and movie art director Jason Cusson to layout the trademarked "Octagon", a signature piece for the occasion. Cusson remained the Production Designer via UFC 27.[17] SEG devised the name for the show as The Ultimate Fighting Championship.[20]

WOW Promotions and SEG produced the first event, later known as UFC 1, at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado on November 12, 1993. Art Davie functioned as the display's booker and matchmaker.[21] The display proposed to discover an answer for sports fans' questions consisting of: "Can a wrestler beat a boxer?"[22] As with maximum martial arts on the time, opponents commonly had talents in only one subject and had little experience in opposition to opponents with one of a kind competencies.[23] The tv broadcast featured kickboxers Patrick Smith and Kevin Rosier, savate fighter Gerard Gordeau, karate professional Zane Frazier, shootfighter Ken Shamrock, sumo wrestler Teila Tuli, boxer Art Jimmerson, and 175 lb (79 kg) Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt Royce Gracie—younger brother of UFC co-founder Rorion, whom Rorion handpicked to symbolize his family in the opposition. Royce Gracie's submission abilties proved the best in the inaugural match, incomes him the first ever UFC match championship[24] after submitting Jimmerson, Shamrock, and Gordeau in succession. The display proved extremely a hit with 86,592 tv subscribers on pay-consistent with-view.

It's disputed whether or not the promoters supposed for the occasion to emerge as a precursor to a chain of future events. "That display become best alleged to be a one-off", eventual UFC president Dana White said. "It did so well on pay-in step with-view they determined to do another, and another. Never in 1,000,000 years did these men think they had been developing a recreation."[25] Art Davie, in his 2014 e book Is This Legal?, an account of the advent of the first UFC event, disputes the perception that the UFC was seen via WOW Promotions and SEG as a one-off, seeing that SEG presented a 5-year joint development deal to WOW. He says, "Clearly, each Campbell and Meyrowitz shared my unwavering belief that War of the Worlds[note 1] would be a persevering with collection of preventing tournaments—a franchise, rather than a one-night stand."[26]

With no weight instructions, combatants often faced significantly larger or taller combatants. Keith "The Giant Killer" Hackney confronted Emmanuel Yarbrough at UFC three with a nine in (23 cm) top and 400 pounds (a hundred and eighty kg) weight disadvantage.[27] Many martial artists believed that technique may want to triumph over these length disadvantages, and that a professional fighter may want to use an opponent's length and power towards him. With the 175 lb (seventy nine kg) Royce Gracie prevailing three of the first four occasions, the UFC quick proved that size does now not usually determine the final results of the combat.

During this early part of the organization, the UFC might exhibit a bevy of various patterns and opponents. Aside from the aforementioned Royce Gracie, Ken Shamrock, and Patrick Smith, the competitions also featured competitors which includes Hall of Famer Dan Severn, Marco Ruas, Gary Goodridge, Don Frye, Kimo Leopoldo, Oleg Taktarov, and Tank Abbott. Although the primary activities have been dominated by means of jiu-jitsu, different fighting patterns became a hit: first wrestling, then ground and pound, kickboxing, boxing, and grimy boxing, which finally melded into modern mixed martial arts.

In April 1995, following UFC 5 in Charlotte, North Carolina, Davie and Gracie sold their interest in the franchise to SEG and disbanded WOW Promotions. Davie persevered with SEG as the display's booker and matchmaker, in addition to the commissioner of Ultimate Fighting, till December 1997.

Emergence of stricter regulations
Although UFC used the tagline "There aren't any policies" inside the early 1990s, the UFC did in reality perform with limited guidelines. It banned biting and eye-gouging, and allowed techniques together with hair pulling, headbutting, groin strikes, and fish-hooking.[citation needed]

In a UFC 4 qualifying healthy, competition Jason Fairn and Guy Mezger agreed not to tug hair—as they both wore pony tails tied again for the fit. That identical event saw a matchup among Keith Hackney and Joe Son in which Hackney unleashed a series of groin shots against Son while on the ground.[citation needed]

The UFC had a reputation, especially inside the early days, as a very violent occasion, as evidenced by a disclaimer within the beginning of the UFC 5 broadcast which warned audiences of the violent nature of the game.[citation needed]

UFC five additionally brought the first singles healthy, a rematch from the inaugural UFC providing 3-time champion Royce Gracie and Ken Shamrock, referred to as "The Superfight". This proved an crucial improvement, due to the fact singles suits might feature warring parties who suffered no earlier harm from a previous combat inside the equal event, not like event matches. Singles fits could end up a staple within the UFC for years to come.[citation needed]

"The Superfight" started out as a non-event match that could determine the primary reigning UFC Champion for event winners to face;[28] it later developed right into a fit that may want to function either name suits or non-title matches. The "Superfight" might finally completely phase out event matches; by means of UFC Brazil, the UFC deserted the event format for an entire card of singles fits (apart from a one-time UFC Japan match proposing Japanese warring parties). UFC 6 become the first occasion to function the crowning of the primary non-event UFC Champion, Ken Shamrock.

Controversy and reform: late 1990s
The violent nature of the burgeoning game speedy drew the eye of the U.S. Authorities.[29]

In 1996, Senator John McCain (R-AZ) noticed a tape of the first UFC activities and without delay determined it abhorrent. McCain himself led a campaign to ban the UFC, calling it "human cockfighting", and even sending letters to the governors of all fifty US states asking them to ban the occasion.[30]

Thirty-six states enacted legal guidelines that banned "no-maintain-barred" preventing, inclusive of New York, which enacted the ban at the eve of UFC 12, forcing a relocation of the event to Dothan, Alabama.[31] The UFC continued to air on DirecTV PPV, even though its target audience remained minuscule compared to the larger cable pay-in step with-view systems of the era.

In reaction to the criticism, the UFC elevated cooperation with state athletic commissions and redesigned its policies to take away the less palatable factors of fights whilst keeping the core elements of placing and grappling. UFC 12 noticed the creation of weight instructions and the banning of fish-hooking. For UFC 14, gloves became obligatory, while kicks to the top of a downed opponent had been banned. UFC 15 saw barriers on hair pulling, and the banning of strikes to the again of the neck and head, headbutting, small-joint manipulations, and groin moves. With five-minute rounds brought at UFC 21, the UFC step by step re-branded itself as a sport instead of a spectacle.[32]

Led by way of UFC commissioner Jeff Blatnick and referee John McCarthy, the UFC continued to paintings with kingdom athletic commissions.[33] Blatnick, McCarthy, and matchmaker Joe Silva created a guide of policies, procedures, codes of conduct, and policies to assist in getting the UFC sanctioned with the aid of the athletic commissions, a lot of which exist to this day.[33] Blatnick and McCarthy traveled across the u . S ., instructing regulators and converting perceptions about a sport that became concept to be bloodthirsty and inhumane.[33] By April 2000, their movement had definitely made an impact.[33] California became set to turn out to be the first country in the U.S. To sign off on a hard and fast of codified policies that governed MMA.[33] Soon after, New Jersey followed the language.[33]

As the UFC continued to paintings with the athletic commissions, events passed off in smaller U.S. Markets, and venues, together with the Lake Charles Civic Center. The markets included states which can be in large part rural and much less known for containing expert sporting events, along with Iowa, Mississippi, Louisiana, Wyoming, and Alabama. SEG couldn't steady domestic-video releases for UFC 23 via UFC 29. With other combined martial arts promotions operating in the direction of U.S. Sanctioning, the International Fighting Championships (IFC) secured the first U.S. Sanctioned mixed-martial-arts occasion, which passed off in New Jersey on September 30, 2000. Just months later, the UFC held its first sanctioned occasion, UFC 28, underneath the New Jersey State Athletic Control Board's "Unified Rules".[34]

As the UFC's policies commenced to evolve, so too did its subject of competitors. Hall of Famers Mark Coleman, Randy Couture, Pat Miletich, Chuck Liddell, Matt Hughes, and Tito Ortiz all emerged from this era.

Zuffa era: early 2000s
After the long warfare to steady sanctioning, SEG stood getting ready to bankruptcy, when Station Casinos executives Frank and Lorenzo Fertitta and their business companion Dana White approached them in 2000, with a suggestion to buy the UFC. A month later, in January 2001, the Fertittas offered the UFC for $2 million and created Zuffa, LLC because the parent entity controlling the UFC.

"I had my lawyers inform me that I became crazy because I wasn't buying something. I become paying $2 million and they were saying 'What are you getting?'" Lorenzo Fertitta found out to Fighters Only magazine[citation needed], recalling the shortage of property he received in the acquisition. "And I said 'What you don't apprehend is I'm getting the most treasured component that I should probably have, that's those three letters: UFC. That is what's going to make this element work. Everybody is aware of that brand, whether or not they like it or they don't love it, they react to it.'"[35]

With ties to the Nevada State Athletic Commission (Lorenzo Fertitta turned into a former member of the NSAC), Zuffa secured sanctioning in Nevada in 2001. Shortly thereafter, the UFC again to pay-per-view cable tv with UFC 33 proposing three championship bouts.

Struggle for survival and turnaround
The UFC slowly, however steadily, rose in recognition after the Zuffa purchase, due partly to extra advertising,[36] corporate sponsorship, the return to cable pay-per-view and subsequent domestic video and DVD releases.

With large stay gates at on line casino venues like the Trump Taj Mahal and the MGM Grand Garden Arena, the UFC secured its first tv deal with Fox Sports Net. The Best Damn Sports Show Period aired the primary combined martial arts in shape on American cable television in June 2002, in addition to the main occasion showcasing Chuck Liddell vs. Vitor Belfort at UFC 37.5.[37] Later, FSN could air highlight shows from the UFC, presenting one-hour blocks of the UFC's greatest bouts.

However, the momentum steadily started to choose up inside the first quarter of 2010 after victories from protecting champions Georges St-Pierre and Anderson Silva, as well as Lyoto Machida's first career defeat to "Shogun" Rua for the UFC Light Heavyweight name. These fights segued into a totally famous clash among former UFC Champions and competitors Rashad Evans and Quinton Jackson—rival coaches on The Ultimate Fighter 10: Heavyweights—at UFC 114, providing the UFC's first most important event headlined by using black fighters.[73] The event scored over 1 million pay in keeping with view buys[74] as Evans secured a unanimous selection victory.

UFC 129 shattered previous North American gate and attendance data.
This momentum carried into the summer of 2010 at UFC 116, which featured the return of Brock Lesnar protecting his UFC Heavyweight name towards the undefeated interim-champion Shane Carwin earlier than 1.25 million PPV viewers.[75] Lesnar survived an early barrage of Carwin's punches in a contest that was nearly stopped with the aid of referee Josh Rosenthal.[76] However, Lesnar recovered within the 2nd round to publish Carwin via arm-triangle choke to preserve the undisputed UFC Heavyweight Championship. The event as a whole changed into seriously acclaimed within the media[77][78][79] for dwelling as much as the hype with a number of thrilling fights that were featured on the televised card.

After a dramatic fifth round, final minute victory by means of UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva over Chael Sonnen at UFC 117, Lesnar in the end surrendered his belt to the undefeated Cain Velasquez thru 1st-round TKO at UFC 121. The combat produced Velasquez's eighth knockout or technical knockout in his first 9 MMA fights.[80]

UFC 129 featured Georges St-Pierre vs. Jake Shields at the Rogers Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is currently the biggest UFC occasion in North American history,[81][82] which coincided with a two-day UFC Fan Expo at the Direct Energy Centre.[83][84] The event bought out 55,000 tickets for gate revenues exceeding $11 million,[85] shattering previous MMA attendance and gate information in North America.[85]

On November 5, 2016 the UFC had their first exhibition in New York City after years of being not on time through government officials and crimson tape with a dramatic first suit, Conor McGregor vs. Eddie Alvarez.[86]

WEC merger

Anthony Pettis weighs in for the final WEC occasion
Zuffa, the discern agency of the UFC, purchased World Extreme Cagefighting in late 2006 and held the primary WEC occasion underneath new possession on January 20, 2007.[87] Soon thereafter the WEC made its domestic on the Versus Network with its first event debuting on that network in June 2007.[88]

On October 28, 2010, Zuffa announced that WEC might merge with the UFC. The WEC held its final card on December 16, 2010. As a result of the merger, the UFC absorbed WEC's bantamweight, featherweight and light-weight weight divisions and their respective combatants. The UFC also made the closing WEC Featherweight and Bantamweight Champions, José Aldo and Dominick Cruz respectively, the inaugural UFC Champions of their new weight divisions.[89]

Reed Harris, who started out World Extreme Cagefighting with Scott Adams, had mixed emotions on the merger. "It's sort of like when your kid goes off to college: at the beginning you're now not satisfied, but after you consider it for a while, you're clearly glad," Harris told MMAWeekly.Com in an distinctive interview right now following the assertion. "At the stop of the day, I in no way imagined this aspect might be wherein we're at today. I'm extraordinarily proud and glad that I became involved with some thing so that it will now be a part of what can be, some day, the largest sports company inside the world."[90]

Strikeforce buy

The Strikeforce cage
On March 12, 2011, Dana White revealed that Zuffa had purchased Strikeforce.[91] White went on to provide an explanation for that Strikeforce will function as an unbiased merchandising, and that Scott Coker will retain to run the advertising. Strikeforce CEO Scott Coker announced the return of Fedor Emelianenko on an unspecified July or August occasion and stated that Zuffa-owned organisation would keep to co-sell with M-1 Global.[92] Following the acquisition, the UFC signed a lot of Strikeforce's pinnacle stars and champions, consisting of Jason Miller, Nick Diaz, Dan Henderson, Alistair Overeem, and Cung Le. Under Zuffa's possession, Strikeforce made minor changes, including adopting the Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts in full, last the promoting's guys's weight instructions underneath lightweight, and ceasing promoting of amateur undercard bouts. After an extension became reached to maintain Strikeforce thru 2012, the promotion's heavyweight department (sans Heavyweight Grand Prix finalists) was merged into the UFC, and the promotion's Challengers collection was ended.

The final Strikeforce display became Strikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedine on January 12, 2013, and then the promotion become dissolved and all fighter contracts have been either ended or absorbed into the UFC.

Fox partnership
UFC on Fox Nielsen ratings
Event Date Rating Share Viewers Ref.
Velasquez vs. Dos Santos November 12, 2011 3.1 five five.7 million [93]
Evans vs. Davis January 28, 2012 2.6 5 4.7 million [94]
Diaz vs. Miller May five, 2012 1.five 3 2.4 million [95]
Shogun vs. Vera August four, 2012 1.4 three 2.4 million [96]
Henderson vs. Diaz December 8, 2012 2.5 5 four.4 million [97]
Johnson vs. Dodson January 26, 2013 2.4 five four.2 million [98]
Henderson vs. Melendez April 20, 2013 2.2 four 3.7 million [99]
Johnson vs. Moraga July 27, 2013 1.five three 2.four million [100]
Johnson vs. Benavidez 2 December 14, 2013 1.eight 3 2.8 million [101]
Henderson vs. Thomson January 25, 2014 1.nine three 3.2 million [102]
Werdum vs. Browne April 19, 2014 1.6 three 2.5 million [103]
Lawler vs. Brown July 26, 2014 1.five 3 2.5 million [104]
dos Santos vs. Miocic December 13, 2014 1.6 three 2.eight million [105]
Gustafsson vs. Johnson January 24, 2015 1.8 4 3.0 million [106]
On August 18, 2011, The Ultimate Fighting Championship and Fox introduced a seven-12 months broadcast deal through the Fox Sports subsidiary, correctly ending the UFC's Spike TV and Versus (now NBC Sports Network) partnership. The deal includes four occasions on the main Fox community, 32 stay Friday night time fights consistent with 12 months on their cable network FX, 24 activities following The Ultimate Fighter fact display and six separate Fight Night events.

The promoting's first broadcast tv occasion – UFC on Fox: Velasquez vs. Dos Santos – broke form by using showcasing handiest one fight to television viewers. In the principle occasion, Junior dos Santos all at once dethroned then-undefeated UFC heavyweight champion Cain Velasquez with the aid of knock-out at 1:04 in the first spherical. The telecast peaked with eight.eight million visitors tuning into the fight with a median target audience of 5.7 million, making it by a ways the maximum watched MMA occasion of all-time and the most watched fight sports event because 2003's HBO bout among Lennox Lewis and Vitali Klitschko.[107]

One of the alternative programming possibilities that emerged become a weekly UFC magazine-style show. When requested approximately the capacity for a weekly magazine-fashion collection, UFC CEO Lorenzo Fertitta responded, "Not handiest weekly, but, doubtlessly, multiple instances per week you'll have a UFC magazine (show)."[108] The UFC maintained production manipulate of its product, which includes using its broadcast team of Mike Goldberg and Joe Rogan. Fox Sports produced the pre- and post-indicates.

Women's MMA
Main article: Women's blended martial arts

Ronda Rousey become the first lady UFC champion. She defended her 135-pound Bantamweight Championship from March 3, 2012 to November 15, 2015.
On November sixteen, 2012, the eve of UFC 154: St. Pierre vs. Condit, Dana White confirmed with Jim Rome the UFC would function women's MMA with the signing of its first woman fighter, Strikeforce bantamweight champion Ronda Rousey.[109] She ultimately have become the first female UFC champion, the primary Olympic medalist with a UFC title, and the primary woman to protect a UFC identify. She might effectively defend her name six instances over a grand general of 1,074 days, earlier than she changed into defeated through Holly Holm on November 15, 2015, at UFC 193.

On December eleven, 2013, the UFC purchased the contracts of eleven girl warring parties from Invicta Fighting Championships to launch their 115-pound Strawweight department. Eight of the Invicta fighters took component in the 20th season of The Ultimate Fighter, The Ultimate Fighter: Team Pettis vs. Team Melendez, along with eight additional fighters signed up for the match through open tryouts.[110] Season winner, Invicta FC's Strawweight Champion, Carla Esparza have become the primary UFC women's strawweight champion, defeating Rose Namajunas inside the finale. Other combatants on the display covered Felice Herrig, Tecia Torres, Bec Hyatt, Randa Markos, Jessica Penne, and Joanna Jędrzejczyk.[111]

International expansion
The first UFC event to be held outside the contiguous United States was UFC 8 in Puerto Rico, a US territory, in 1996. Subsequently, the UFC has visited 15 international locations in Asia, Europe, Oceania, South America, and North America.

Canada has hosted activities 18 instances, starting with UFC 83 in 2008 and maximum recently in 2015 with UFC 186.[112] UFC's biggest occasion so far changed into also in Canada, as UFC 129 held at Rogers Centre featured a file-breaking attendance of 55,724.[113]

The United Kingdom has been domestic to sixteen occasions. The first become UFC 38 held in London in 2002. UFC again to the UK in 2007 with UFC 70, and visited Northern Ireland for UFC 72. The UK's maximum current event changed into at England with UFC 204 in 2016. Ireland has held UFC ninety three in 2009 and UFC Fight Night: McGregor vs. Brandao five years later.[114] In continental Europe, Germany has hosted five times, the primary being UFC ninety nine in 2009, UFC 122 in 2010, UFC Fight Night: Munoz vs. Mousasi in 2014, UFC Fight Night: Jędrzejczyk vs. Penne in 2015 and the modern day changed into UFC Fight Night: Arlovski vs. Barnett in 2016.[115] Sweden has hosted 3 times, beginning with UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva in 2012, and currently with UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson in 2015.[116][117] Poland had its first event with UFC Fight Night: Gonzaga vs. Cro Cop 2 in 2015.[118] There also are Fight Night events due to take location in 2016, in Rotterdam, Netherlands and Zagreb, Croatia.

The first Brazilian occasion changed into UFC Brazil: Ultimate Brazil, held in São Paulo in 1998. The promotion did now not return to Brazil until 2011 for UFC 134, but on account that then, the usa has hosted a further 20 activities. Their most recent visit turned into UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Alves.[119][120] In 2014, Mexico have become the second country in Latin America to host an event with UFC a hundred and eighty,[121] observed by way of a second occasion, UFC 188, in 2015.[122]

Seven UFC events have been held in Australia, beginning with UFC one hundred ten in 2010 and maximum these days in December 2018 with UFC Fight Night 142.[123] New Zealand held its first occasion in 2014, UFC Fight Night: Te Huna vs. Marquardt.[124] Its most recent occasion turned into UFC Fight Night: Felder vs. Hooker in February 2020.

In Asia, the UFC has visited five nations. Japan had its first go to in 1997 for UFC Japan: Ultimate Japan. The UFC only again to the united states in 2012, with UFC 144. Their ultimate visit was in 2014 for UFC Fight Night: Hunt vs. Nelson, the seventh occasion there.[125] The merchandising has also featured 2 visits to the United Arab Emirates. The first was in 2010 for UFC 112 and the second one in 2014 for UFC Fight Night: Nogueira vs. Nelson.[126] The advertising has additionally visited Macau in three occasions: China's unique administrative place became first visited in 2012 with UFC on Fuel TV: Franklin vs. Le and final visited in 2014 for UFC Fight Night: Bisping vs. Le.[127] The promotion has also visited Singapore with UFC Fight Night: Saffiedine vs. Lim in 2014.[128] The Philippines was the maximum recent Asian united states of america that the UFC has visited, with UFC Fight Night: Edgar vs. Faber in 2015.[129]

The Ultimate Fighter has had worldwide versions as well: Brazil (considering that 2012), Australia (vs. United Kingdom - 2012), China (2013), Canada (vs. Australia - 2014), and Latin America (2014).

TRT ban
On February 27, 2014, the Nevada State Athletic Commission banned the usage of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT). The UFC followed suit and banned the usage of TRT for any in their events, consisting of worldwide markets where the UFC oversees regulatory efforts.[130]

Lawsuits over contractual treatment of fighters
Main article: Zuffa § Class movement court cases
In December 2014, an antitrust lawsuit became filed against Zuffa via numerous warring parties, claiming the enterprise restricts opponents' control over their careers and incomes ability.[131]

Throughout 2015, debate over venues and feasible case dismissals ensued. Ultimately, the case moved to Nevada federal courts, wherein Zuffa turned into denied its motion to live discovery for 15 years of its economic information.[132][133]

This has precipitated an ongoing debate and battle over how UFC sensitive information need to be handled, and who might also view it. Especially regarding MMAFA founder, Rob Maysey who has taken the lead in representing the former athletes and has said he hopes to obtain reforms just like the Ali Act (2000).[134]

Later that yr, a 12–sixteen month investigation commenced that is predicted to closing until sometime among September 2016 to January 2017.[135] Thus some distance, each facets have furnished nicely over one hundred,000 documents.[136]

Endeavor era: 2016–present
In May 2016, ESPN originally mentioned that the UFC's parent employer Zuffa, LLC become in talks to sell the employer for $3.5 billion to $four billion. In 2015, the UFC had a suggested EBITDA of $2 hundred–250 million. Because it changed into a privately owned company, no reputable comment became crafted from the UFC or Dana White regarding the sale. Companies initially interested by the sale were Dalian Wanda Group, China Media Capital, and WME–IMG (Endeavor).[137]

On July nine, 2016, it become formally announced that the UFC would be offered to a collection led by using WME–IMG, its owner Silver Lake Partners, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, and MSD Capital, for $4.1/2 billion. At the time, it marked the largest-ever acquisition in sports activities. Lorenzo Fertitta stated that the new ownership, "with whom we've built a robust relationship during the last several years, is devoted to accelerating UFC's international growth", and that they "proportion the identical imaginative and prescient and passion for this corporation and its athletes." Flash Entertainment (owned by the government of Abu Dhabi) retained its 10% minority stake in the employer. White, who owned nine% of the UFC, stayed, having been given a stake within the new commercial enterprise.[138][139] Shortly after the sale, it turned into announced that White could remain president. As a result of the sale, Fertitta stepped down as chairman and CEO.[140] WME–IMG became renamed Endeavor in September 2017.[141][4][3] Three years into the Endeavor era, Dana White revealed in an interview that an undisclosed organization bid $five billion but Fertittas selected WME–IMG because of a connection they already made with Ari Emanuel.[142]

In October 2016, MMAJunkie received an UFC economic record released by using Endeavor, detailing that the advertising had reached a yr-to-12 months high of $609 million in revenue at some point of 2015. seventy six% of the whole was credited to "content" revenue, overlaying media rights, PPV buys and UFC Fight Pass subscriptions; in turn, 42% of content sales changed into credited to pay-in step with-view buys, accompanied by means of U.S. And worldwide media rights.[15]

ESPN partnership
In May 2018, UFC reached new U.S. Media rights offers with Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International and ESPN Inc., succeeding people with 21st Century Fox, which started out in January 2019. The 5-yr contracts are cumulatively valued at $three hundred million in keeping with-year for digital and linear rights, kind of doubling the quantity paid by Fox inside the very last year of its preceding contract, and include 42 events on ESPN structures according to-12 months. ESPN linear networks will televise preliminary cards for UFC PPV events, and 10 UFC on ESPN Fight Night events in step with-12 months. The subscription streaming provider ESPN+ will broadcast 20 specific occasions in line with-yr below the branding UFC on ESPN+ Fight Night; no matter community, all Fight Night events will feature a full, 12-fight card, and their preliminaries will air completely on ESPN+. The ESPN+ provider will also hold on-demand rights to UFC library and archive content, new seasons of Dana White's Contender Series, and different new original content. UFC Fight Pass might be obtainable as an add-on for ESPN+ to flow pay-per-view occasions.[143][144][145][146][147]

On March 18, 2019, it became introduced that ESPN had reached a -12 months extension of the agreement. In addition, it become introduced that inside the United States, future UFC PPVs will only be sold via ESPN+ to its subscribers, and will not be bought through traditional television providers beginning with UFC 236. At the same time, the standard charge for UFC PPVs changed into lowered to $59.ninety nine (from $64.ninety nine), and new subscribers will additionally have the ability to buy a package deal of a UFC PPV and a yr of ESPN+.[148]

M-1 Global partnership
On July 18, 2018, it became announced that UFC has entered right into a partnership with Russian MMA promoter M-1 Global. M-1 Global will serve as a farm league to scout Russian fighters for UFC and will take part in organizing UFC activities in Russia. The deal additionally offers M-1 champions the possibility to sign with UFC.[149][150][151] On September 15, 2018, the first UFC occasion in Russia became held at the Olympic Stadium in Moscow.

Initial public supplying (IPO) filing
On May 24, 2019 Endeavor Group (EDR) filed the preliminary public providing (IPO) paperwork with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The form detailed Endeavor's revenue become $three.61 billion in 2018 with a net earnings of $one hundred.1 million after adjustments, and capacity risks involved of being probably sued (1) “over alleged lengthy-time period neurocognitive impairment arising from concussions”, (2) collective bargaining to unionize the MMA athletes and (three) "five related elegance-motion court cases filed against it alleging that UFC violated Section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 with the aid of monopolizing the alleged marketplace for elite professional MMA athletes’ services".[152][153][154]

On September 26, 2019, Endeavor Group introduced it cancelled its deliberate IPO that changed into set for September 27. Endeavor Group stated in a statement "Endeavor will continue to evaluate the timing for the proposed offering as marketplace conditions expand"[155] The Wall Street Journal said the below performance of the latest IPO for Peloton turned into a contributing factor.[156] As is an ongoing lawsuit with numerous former UFC warring parties.[157]

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the UFC went on with its March 13, 2020 event, UFC Fight Night: Lee vs. Oliveira in Brasília, Brazil, in the back of closed doors.[158] On March 16, the organization announced that the subsequent three occasions, UFC Fight Night: Woodley vs. Edwards, UFC on ESPN: Ngannou vs. Rozenstruik, and UFC Fight Night: Overeem vs. Harris, might be postponed to future dates.[159]

In regards to its next pay-consistent with-view, UFC 249 on April 18, UFC president Dana White stated that the event would probably cross on, but at a brand new venue behind closed doors. It changed into at the start to be held at Barclays Center, however a live-at-domestic order became issued through the New York kingdom government.[160][161] On March 18, the New York State Athletic Commission also withdrew its sanctioning for the occasion.[162] Due to international travel regulations and other withdrawals, a revised card for UFC 249 became unveiled on April 6 with a area still being determined.[163][164] The subsequent day, White disclosed that he had booked an unspecified venue for 2 months, so that it will host each UFC 249 and different destiny occasions involving U.S. warring parties. He additionally disclosed plans to stable a personal island, called Fight Island, to host activities with worldwide fighters.[165]

The new UFC 249 venue become subsequently revealed to be Tachi Palace—a tribal casino in Lemoore, California; as it's miles on tribal land, it additionally fell outdoor of the jurisdiction of the California State Athletic Commission, meaning that events held there might be self-sanctioned.[166] On April nine, the UFC announced that UFC 249 had been cancelled, and all other UFC activities could be suspended till similarly notice. White stated interventions from high-ranking group of workers of the UFC's U.S. Media rightsholders, ESPN Inc. And determine The Walt Disney Company, as well as Governor Newsom.[167][168] The New York Post stated that Governor of California Gavin Newsom had contacted Disney chairman and previous CEO Bob Iger, urging ESPN and the UFC to now not preserve the occasion.[169]

Dana White was decided to make sure that the UFC became the primary recreation again after the lockdown.[170] Following the decree that professional sports were deemed as "essential services" in Florida, UFC 249 happened on May 9, 2020, at VyStar Veterans Memorial Arena in Jacksonville, Florida with no fanatics in attendance. Precautionary health and protection measures proposed with the aid of the UFC happy the Florida State Boxing Commission, which regulates MMA within the kingdom. UFC Fight Night: Smith vs. Teixeira and UFC on ESPN: Overeem vs. Harris have been scheduled to take location on the equal venue on May thirteen and May 16, respectively. [171] On Friday, May 8, the UFC announced middleweight fighter Ronaldo Souza turned into eliminated from his bout with Uriah Hall at UFC 249 and quarantined after he examined nice for COVID-19, along with his cornermen, in spite of following the protocols enforced by using the UFC. No different athletes or personnel examined effective for the disease.[172]

Anti-doping policy
UFC introduced its partnership with United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) on June three, 2015, because the UFC's legitimate, unbiased anti-doping agency. The UFC USADA testing program have become powerful on July 1, 2015, and includes at the very least 2,750 drug checks in step with 12 months with an average of five checks in line with fighter, and punishments to fighters who fail the tests.[173][174] Under the UFC Anti-Doping Policy, opponents are problem to random assessments at any time and area on all in- and out-of-opposition blood and urine samples accrued by means of USADA. Fighters should take part in the testing pool for at least six months previous to a combat with a view to qualify for a UFC event.[173] In February 2017, UFC made changes to the anti-doping policy, powerful April 1, 2017, as follows: (1) Fighters who are new to the UFC with no previous agreement might be subject to a one-month testing rule. The same rule applies to returning combatants who have been terminated or whose contracts had been now not renewed on the selection of the UFC. Previously, returning or terminated combatants have been required to undergo 4 months of testings previous to competing in a combat. (2) Returning warring parties who have chosen to retire, pass on hiatus, or had a non-renewal in their contract, are required to be in a six-months testing pool prior to opposition. (3) No doping violation is handed right down to newly signed UFC fighters who voluntarily disclose use of a prohibited substance prior to testing. (4) "In-opposition" testing starts at noon at the weigh-in day and ends one hour after a fighter clears a post-fight scientific for non-selected post-fight testing. For fighters who're subjected to post-combat testing the in-opposition trying out ends after any post-combat testing is done.[175][176][177]

In September 2018, indicated no bulletins could be made on combatants who've been flagged for a potential doping violation until the whole adjudication strategies are carried out with the consequences of the potential doping violation.[178][179] This got here after several instances of warring parties, along with Anderson Silva, Junior dos Santos, Josh Barnett and Cris Cyborg, being flagged for capacity doping violations, however cleared after they were proved of unintended use of overall performance improving drugs (commonly in the form of contaminated supplements).[180] On November 25, 2019, news surfaced that the UFC and USADA had revised their policies, imparting a listing of certified dietary supplements in an effort to now not cause sanctions should contaminated samples occur.[181]

In 2015, USADA carried out 353 assessments and 2291 assessments in 2016 on 586 UFC warring parties with Anderson Silva examined the maximum of a total of 15 instances.[182] In 2017 and 2018 a complete of 2818 and 2888 checks have been performed by USADA respectively.[183]

As of May 16, 2019, a complete of seventy six UFC warring parties have been sanctioned through USADA since the UFC USADA checking out program started out.[184]

Rules
The cutting-edge guidelines for the Ultimate Fighting Championship had been at the start installed by the New Jersey Athletic Control Board.[185] The set of "Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts" that New Jersey hooked up has been adopted in other states that regulate blended martial arts, including Nevada, Louisiana, and California. These rules also are utilized by many different promotions within the United States, turning into obligatory for the ones states that have adopted the policies, and so have end up the same old de facto set of rules for expert blended martial arts throughout the u . S ..

Rounds
UFC fits range in maximum length, depending on whether the match is for a Championship title, or is a fight card's "main event" fight. In all fights, each spherical can be now not than 5 minutes. Championship fights ultimate for a maximum of 5 rounds. Beginning with UFC 138 on November 5, 2011, non-championship "main event" fights (i.E. The very last combat on the card) will additionally final for a maximum of 5 rounds. Non-essential event bouts ultimate for a most of three rounds. UFC on FX: Alves vs. Kampmann featured the employer's first flyweight fights as part of its first flyweight tournament, which includes bouts that, within the event of a draw, go to a fourth "surprising victory" spherical held to decide the winner, who advances. There is a one-minute relaxation length among rounds.

Cage

Shot of the Octagon as Chris Weidman upsets Anderson Silva at UFC 162.
The UFC stages bouts in an eight-sided enclosure officially named "The Octagon". Originally, SEG trademarked the idea in addition to the term and prevented different combined martial arts promotions from the usage of the same type of cage, but in 2001 Zuffa gave permission for different promotions to use octagonal cages, reasoning that the young recreation wished uniformity to preserve to win authentic sanctioning. Today Zuffa reserves distinct use of the call "The Octagon".[186]

The UFC cage is an octagonal shape with walls of steel chain-link fence covered with black vinyl. The fashionable octagon has a diameter of 30 ft (nine.1 m) with a 6 ft (1.eight m) high fence.[187] The cage sits atop a platform, elevating it four ft (1.2 m) from the ground. It has foam padding around the top of the fence and between every of the 8 sections. It also has entry-exit gates opposite every other.[188] The mat, painted with sponsorship trademarks and art, is replaced for every event.

For smaller venues and activities, the UFC regularly uses a smaller cage, which is best 25 ft (7.6 m) across.[189][190]

Attire
All competitors combat in accredited shorts, without shoes. Tops are best permitted for girl competitors. Required safety equipment consist of padded gloves, mouthguard, and protective cups held in vicinity with a jockstrap for males.[191] The open-fingered gloves have as a minimum 1" of padding across the knuckles, (a hundred and ten to one hundred seventy g / four to 6 ounces) that allow arms to grab. To make certain compliance, fighters are checked by a State Athletic Committee official earlier than being allowed to go into the cage/ring.[192]

Originally the attire for UFC changed into very open. Many fighters nonetheless selected to wear tight-fitting shorts or boxing-kind trunks, while others wore lengthy pants or singlets. Several wore wrestling shoes. Multi-time tournament Champion Royce Gracie wore a Brazilian jiu-jitsu gi in all of his early appearances in UFC (Gracie wore shorts in opposition to Matt Hughes at UFC 60), while Art Jimmerson appeared in UFC 1 wearing one standard boxing glove. As of UFC 133 there has been a ban on speedo fashion shorts after Dennis Hallman wore one in his fight against Brian Ebersole. UFC president Dana White become so furious about the fighter's desire of apparel that he offered an honorary "getting those horrifying shorts off TV as soon as viable" bonus to Ebersole for completing the combat within the first round, and in following post-combat interviews made it clean that speedo style shorts will not be tolerated.

Reebok Uniform
On December 2, 2014, the UFC and Reebok held a press conference to announce an one-of-a-kind deal for Reebok to come to be the global outfitter for the UFC, starting in July 2015. Financial phrases of the six-year partnership had been now not released, but UFC officials stated that even though the agreement represents the maximum valuable non-broadcast agreement the business enterprise has ever signed, the UFC will not at once take advantage of the brand new deal. Instead, organization execs stated the deal is dependent in order that the "enormous majority of the sales" from the deal – taking out simplest the prices related to administering the brand new program – could be paid without delay to UFC warring parties.[193]

Payment on the new deal was firstly anticipated to be based on the fighter's spot in the official UFC rankings, aside from the UFC champions. Fighters ranked No. 1 to 5 could be paid at one level, No. 6 to 10 at a decrease level, No. 11 to fifteen below that, and unranked combatants at a base rate.[193] The bills could continue to be steady regardless of in which the athletes' bouts air. In addition to the consistent with-combat fee, fighters would additionally acquire royalty payments representing 20 percent of any UFC products sold that bears their likeness. The royalty program might also include retired opponents and maintain in perpetuity. The deal itself turned into stated to be worth 70 million greenbacks which became what the warring parties would be paid over the following six years that's more or less 260 thousand bucks in line with UFC combat card.[193] In April 2015, the UFC introduced that they scrapped the rankings concept and that payment might be primarily based on the fighter's wide variety of bouts in the octagon, with distinctive tiers (1-five fights, 6-10 fights, eleven-15 fights, and sixteen-20 fights). Exceptions are made inside the event of name fights, with champions and title challengers receiving extra compensation.[194] The kits were discovered on June 30, 2015. All kits function the fighter's call on the back of the jersey and opponents have the option to choose between a universal package or a rustic package, related to his nationality. There is likewise a champion kit, designed to be used handiest via identify holders.[195]

The new deal supposed that starting with combat week for UFC 189 in Las Vegas, present sponsors not appear on fighter clothing – no longer best on combat night time, but also in any respect pre-combat media appearances – and in-cage sponsor banners have additionally eliminated. Fighter camps are outfitted with permitted apparel to create a uniform look in athletes' corners. Existing sponsors are still welcome to help UFC combatants. However, third-birthday party logos are not allowed on UFC broadcasts, apart from name-sponsor slots – much like those seen with European soccer clubs – that the UFC may also finally promote to "a most important, global brand" down the road.[193]

Match outcome
Matches can also quit through:

Submission: a fighter surely faucets the mat or his opponent, verbally submits, or actually communicates being in pain (such as with the aid of yelling) to a degree that causes the referee to forestall the fight. Also, a technical submission can be called when a fighter both loses attention or is at the verge of or suffers critical damage while in a keep.
Knockout: a fighter is positioned right into a nation of unconsciousness resulting from any criminal strike.
Technical Knockout (TKO): If the referee comes to a decision a fighter cannot preserve, the combat is dominated as a technical knockout. Technical knockouts may be categorised into three categories:
referee stoppage (the referee ends the fight because one fighter is deemed not able to intelligently defend himself)
doctor stoppage (a hoop side physician comes to a decision that it's miles hazardous for one fighter to continue the bout, because of immoderate bleeding or bodily injuries)
nook stoppage (a fighter's cornerman signals defeat for his very own fighter)
Judges' Decision: Depending on scoring, a in shape may also quit as:
unanimous selection (all 3 judges score a win for fighter A)
majority decision (two judges score a win for fighter A, one choose ratings a draw)
cut up selection (two judges score a win for fighter A, one judge scores a win for fighter B)
technical selection (a fighter is rendered not able to keep as a result of an unintended unlawful detail or move, ensuing in a decision based on the completed and unfinished rounds if the variety of rounds to be judged is enough)
unanimous draw (all 3 judges rating a draw)
majority draw (two judges score a draw, one decide scoring a win)
split draw (one judge rankings a win for fighter A, one decide ratings a win for fighter B, and one decide rankings a draw)
technical draw (the bout leads to a manner just like that of a technical decision, with the judges' rankings resulting in a draw)
Disqualification: a fighter intentionally executes an unlawful move that is considered by the referee or opponent to be injurious or substantial sufficient to negatively modify the opponent's overall performance ought to the fight continue, resulting inside the opponent's victory.
Forfeit: a fighter fails to compete or deliberately and prematurely ends the bout for a reason besides damage, ensuing in the opponent's victory.
No Contest: a fighter is rendered unable to retain or compete successfully due to an accidental illegal detail or pass and there isn't always a sufficient variety of completed rounds to be judged to make a technical selection viable, or each fighters are rendered unable to hold or compete correctly. Also, a fight may be ruled a no contest if the unique final results of the bout is changed because of unsatisfactory or illegal circumstances, including a untimely stoppage or a fighter's trying out high quality for banned substances.
In the occasion of a draw, it isn't always necessary that the fighters' overall points be same (see, e.G., UFC 41 Penn vs. Uno, or UFC forty three Freeman vs. White). However, in a unanimous or break up draw, each fighter does score an same range of win judgments from the three judges (0 or 1, respectively). Additionally, if a identify combat ends in a draw, the protecting champ retains the title.

Judging criteria
The ten-point must gadget is in impact for all UFC fights; 3 judges score every spherical and the winner of every receives ten factors while the loser gets nine factors or fewer (despite the fact that 10–10 rounds are given within the rare event that a decide feels the rounds became too near warrant giving one fighter 10 and the other nine.) Scores of 10–8 are usually presented for dominant rounds and some thing greater dominant is scored less. 10–7 rounds are very rare.

Fouls
The Nevada State Athletic Commission currently lists the subsequent as fouls:[196]

Head-butting
Eye-gouging
Biting
Hair pulling
Fish-hooking
Groin attacks
Putting a finger into any orifice or into any reduce or laceration on an opponent (see Fish-hooking)
Small joint manipulation
Striking to the spine or the returned of the pinnacle (see Rabbit punch)
Striking downward the usage of the point of the elbow (see 12-6 elbow)
Throat moves of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea
Clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh
Grabbing the clavicle
Kicking to the kidney with the heel
Spiking an opponent to the canvas on the pinnacle or neck (see Piledriver)
Throwing an opponent out of the ring or fenced region
Holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent
Spitting at an opponent or the referee
Engaging in unsportsmanlike behavior that reasons an harm to an opponent
Holding or grabbing the ropes or the fence
Using abusive language in the ring or fenced place
Attacking an opponent on or at some stage in the break
Attacking an opponent who's underneath the care of the referee
Attacking an opponent after the bell (horn) has sounded the stop of a spherical
Flagrantly dismissing the instructions of the referee
Timidity, including, with out limitation, heading off contact with an opponent, deliberately or continually losing the mouthpiece or faking an harm
Interference by means of the corner
Throwing within the towel all through competition
Applying any overseas substance to the hair, frame, garb or gloves at once previous to or in the course of a competition or exhibition that ought to bring about an unfair advantage
If the referee has signaled that the opponent has been knocked out, striking an opponent who's helpless because of previous blows and so supported via the ring or fenced area that she or he does now not fall
Striking intentionally at that part of the body over the kidneys
Intentionally spitting out the mouthpiece
Fouls towards a grounded opponent
Kicking the pinnacle of a grounded opponent (see football kick)
Kneeing the pinnacle of a grounded opponent
Stomping a grounded opponent
When a foul is charged, the referee of their discretion may deduct one or greater factors as a penalty. If a foul incapacitates a fighter, then the in shape may also result in a disqualification if the foul turned into intentional, or a no contest if unintended. If a nasty causes a fighter to be unable to keep later within the bout, it ends with a technical decision win to the injured fighter if the injured fighter is ahead on factors, in any other case it's miles a technical draw.[197]

Match conduct
After a verbal caution the referee can prevent the fighters and stand them up if they attain a stalemate on the ground (in which neither are in a dominant function or working closer to one). This rule is codified in Nevada because the stand-up rule.
If the referee pauses the healthy, it's miles resumed with the combatants of their earlier positions.
Grabbing the cage brings a verbal warning, followed by way of an attempt with the aid of the referee to launch the grab by way of pulling at the grabbing hand. If that strive fails or if the fighter continues to keep the cage, the referee can also rate a foul.
Early UFC activities disregarded verbal sparring / "trash-talking" during fits. Under unified rules, antics are accredited before occasions to feature to pleasure and allow opponents to explicit themselves, however abusive language during fight is prohibited.
Evolution of the policies
UFC 1 – Although the advertising said There Are No Rules, there had been in truth a few guidelines: no biting, no eye-gouging and no groin assaults. Fights ended only in the occasion of a knockout, submission or the nook throwing in the towel. Despite this, the first healthy in UFC 1 turned into gained via referee stoppage, even though it was now not officially diagnosed as such on the time.
UFC 2 – Groin attacks were unbanned. Time limits have been dropped finishing the need for judges. Modifications to the cage have been added (the fence have become five feet tall but could continually develop in peak afterwards and the ground became the canvas that is nonetheless used today).
UFC three – The referee changed into formally given the authority to prevent a fight in case of a fighter being unable to protect himself. A fighter couldn't kick if he was carrying shoes. This rule could later be discarded, then changed to 'no kicking with shoes while at the floor' and then reinstated, earlier than in the end being discarded.
UFC 4 – After match change Steve Jennum won UFC three by way of triumphing best one bout, alternates (replacements) have been required to win a pre-tournament bout to qualify for the function of an change.
UFC five – The organizers delivered a 30-minute time limit. UFC five also noticed the first Superfight, a one-off bout among two competition decided on by using the organizers with the winner being crowned 'Superfight champion' and having the duty of protecting his title at the following UFC.
UFC 6 – The referee become given the authority to restart the combat. If two opponents were entangled in a position wherein there has been a loss of action, the referee should stop the fight and restart the competition on their toes, in their personal nook. In UFC 6 they formally adopted the five-minute extension to the 30-minute rule which were used in UFC 5.
Ultimate Ultimate 1995 – This occasion become the first to introduce the no fish-hooking rule and to reinstate judges. Time limits had been changed to fifteen minutes inside the zone-finals, 18 minutes in the semi-finals and 27 minutes within the finals.
UFC eight – Time limits changed to 10 minutes in the first rounds of the tournament, 15 minutes inside the tournament very last and Superfight. Time limits would always change within the later UFC activities. Fights should now be determined via a judges decision if the fight reached the give up of the time limit. The panel was made up of three judges who certainly raised a card with the call of the fighter they considered to be the winner. In this fashion, a draw became no longer viable because the handiest feasible results of a selection have been 3 to zero or 2 to one in favor of the winner.
UFC nine – To appease nearby authorities, closed fisted moves to the head were banned for this occasion most effective. The commentators have been not privy to this ultimate minute rule that turned into made to save you the cancellation of the occasion because of neighborhood political pressures. Referee "Big John" McCarthy made repeated warnings to the fighters to "open the hand" whilst this rule became violated. However, not one fighter changed into reprimanded. UFC nine become also the ultimate UFC occasion to feature the superfight.
Ultimate Ultimate 1996 – This event become the first to introduce the "no grabbing of the fence" rule.
UFC 12 – The major tournament break up right into a heavyweight (over two hundred lbs.) and light-weight (two hundred lbs. And beneath) department; and the 8-man event ceased. Fighters now needed to win only two fights to win the opposition. The Heavyweight Champion name (and title bouts) turned into added, changing the Superfight title (albeit matches have been nevertheless for a time branded as "Superfights").
UFC 14 – The light-weight department became re-branded middleweight. The sporting of padded gloves, weighing a hundred and ten to one hundred seventy g (4 to 6 ounces), becomes mandatory. Gloves had been to be authorized with the aid of the UFC. Hair-pulling, groin moves and kicks to a downed opponent have become illegal.
UFC 15 – Limits on permissible putting regions have been delivered. Headbutts, elbow strikes to the again of the neck and head and small joint manipulation have become unlawful.
UFC 21 – Five minute rounds were added, with initial bouts consisting of rounds, ordinary non-title bouts at 3 rounds, and name bouts at 5 rounds. The "ten-factor ought to machine" become added for scoring fights (equal to the device widely utilized in boxing).
UFC 28 – The New Jersey State Athletic Control Board sanctions its first UFC event, using the newly developed Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts. Major changes to the UFC's regulations blanketed barring knee strikes to the top of a downed opponent, elbow moves to the backbone and neck and punches to the returned of the neck and head. Limits on permissible ring apparel, stringent scientific requirements, and regulatory oversight were additionally delivered. A new weight class gadget turned into additionally delivered.[198] This new set of guidelines is currently the de facto preferred for MMA events held inside the U.S. And continues to be in use with the aid of the UFC.
UFC 31 – Weight instructions are re-aligned to the modern widespread. Bantamweight actions from one hundred fifty to a hundred and fifty five and turns into called light-weight. Lightweight becomes referred to as welterweight, middleweight turns into light heavyweight, and a new middleweight class is brought at 185 pounds. Stools and seconds are first authorised in The Octagon among rounds.
UFC forty three – In the occasion of a stoppage fights restart in the position the fight changed into stopped.
UFC 94 – After an incident in which Georges St-Pierre became accused of setting vaseline on his returned, nook guys have been disallowed from bringing vaseline into The Octagon. Petroleum jelly may additionally now handiest be applied by UFC hired cutmen.
UFC 97 – Foot-stomps are banned. (For this event most effective)
UFC 133 – Speedo style trunks are banned.[199]
UFC 138 – First 5-spherical non-identify most important event.[200]
The Ultimate Fighter
Fights that arise on The Ultimate Fighter are categorised as exhibition suits below NSAC sanctioning, and accordingly do no longer count closer to the expert report of a fighter. Match outcomes also do not need to be right now posted publicly, which allows for combat consequences to remain unknown to the public till the airdate of the episode.

For two-round matches, if there is a draw after rounds, a further 5-minute spherical ("surprising victory") is contested. If the greater round concludes with out a stoppage, the judges' decision might be based on that final spherical.

These exhibition fits variably have or three rounds, depending at the rules used for each season. In maximum seasons, initial suits (earlier than the semi-final bouts) have been rounds; in season two, all suits had three rounds. All suits beyond the first spherical use three rounds as in step with general UFC bouts. During the finales for each collection, the department finals have the usual three rounds, plus a fourth round if the judges rating a tie

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